Operations management for creating competitive advantage Essay

Activities the board for making upper hand - Essay Example For example, areas are first chosen remembering the nation, at that point the district and finally the site. Partners, particularly the investors are dealt with by amplifying the benefits of the organization and returning benefits in the improvement of the organization as it were. A portion of the proposals that have been given are that of utilizing scientific procedures in picking areas and the beginning of opening expenses. The spending that will be utilized is to enlist prepared HR and the tremendous expenses for purchasing in reverse connections that is providers. The inventive proposal is that of utilizing fragrance advertising. With everything taken into account, the organization Tesco is rehearsing effective tasks the executives yet there is consistently opportunity to get better, on the off chance that they need to support their situation of market pioneer. This contextual analysis is planned for applying the hypothetical side of the investigation of tasks the executives to a genuine organization. Tasks the board is an expansive term and along these lines it fuses inside itself numerous different issues and exercises through which an organization’s products and enterprises are changed and changed from the sources of info that were put to the yields that are created. It is about the different tasks that are performed on the merchandise and enterprises from the second their creation starts to the second the client gets it. In this report, Britain-based organization Tesco has been pointed and its tasks the executives exercises have been examined. Suggestions on how OM exercises can be improved have additionally been given. The report additionally assesses the different financials behind the exercises just as the spending that might be required. The issue looked by Tesco is that of continuing its market chief position. Rivalry from Sainsbury and other driving retail locations is a major danger for Tesco and it wouldn't like to miss out on piece of the overall industry to these contenders. In this manner, enhancing activities the board is one of the fundamental things that it can

Book Analysis Evironmantalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Analysis Evironmantalism - Essay Example Richard white view on environmentalism is that nature can act multipurpose to accommodate individuals. This is obvious by the way that people get food from the Columbian stream and they create hydroelectric force from the waterway. His view is the division of nature into various parts to expand profitability and improves advancement from nature. Richard White has obviously tended to with people controlling nature to benefit them, there are numerous outcomes went with it. A few people start wars asserting they own specific pieces of nature and this emits to social and political wars. This clear when the a few people in Colombia attempted to redirect the course of the stream to suit their social and political intrigue. This sort of activities brings about battles and resistances about specific types of nature. These battles show that people are battling and asserting something they have not made and they don't have full privileges of that normal asset. Richard hazardously stresses that what should happen didn't occur in understanding to nature. Richard’s ecological idea is that people can get all types of vitality from nature and use it for improvement purposes. This is stressed through the age of hydroelectric force for power, and the salmon fish that give calories to people. He contends that the common assets can give the required vitality really taking shape of political and monetary choices that will upgrade the formative process3. Richard white tends to the mishaps of individuals of attempting to over control nature. With a point of getting benefits from nature, individuals have attempted to command nature, which isn't functional. This has brought about clashes among nature and individuals, as nature isn't prepared to comply with man’s thoughts. Both nature and human starts wind up turning out to be failures since they can't interface. This is on the grounds that people are attempting to separate nature in order to augmenting benefit subsequent ly overlooking the social qualities that ought to be maintained. Edward Abbeys Form of Environmentalist Edward Abbey’s type of tree hugger is one that advocates for the conservation and insurance of the earth and characteristic assets. This is tended to by how the writer brings out characters that are prepared to shield a desert from the abuse of developers.4 The characters in this book are in the move of halting designers particularly the individuals who are in development regions. These characters are halting street structures by wrecking the supplies engaged with the development of streets. Edward is upholding for the protection and preservation of the earth. The writer has essentially demonstrated how he is prepared to secure the earth completely. He is in the battle of torching boards that are promoting development activities, and he deliberately disrupts the pieces of machinery that are building streets in the journey of ensuring nature. Edward Abbey filled in as a wood land drifter whose principle point was the security of the earth and the protection of common assets.

MIT Mac4Change

MIT Mac4Change I wanted to give everyone an update on our  campaign to feed the homeless  that I started with my friends last month. On November 11, 2015, Veterans Day and the last day of our campaign, we set up at one of our MIT dormitories, Maseeh Hall, from 7 to 9, to fundraise and spread awareness. Our goal was to raise at least $100 but more importantly to spread our message and empower students like us to believe that they too can make a difference. Over 60 people donated and we raised a total of $275 in just two hours! That brought our total up $3,886. Special guests of the night included Kevin Lilly, founder of  Samaritan Steps, a nonprofit that provides youth, veterans, and communities as a whole with resources to become self-sufficient, Cody Chamberlain, community manager at TechHub Boston, a unique, recently opened, startup co-working space, and every single brother of Phi Kappa Sigma at MIT. Students stopped by, ate with us, and were surprised that we were just college students running this campaign. We started with no resources and little experience and in less then a month we got national sponsors, blogged about by HerCampus and Indiegogo, and even retweeted by celebrities. But, most importantly, we got our message out there. Other students began asking us how they too could do their own fundraiser for causes they felt passionate about. And we told them how step by step. Our campaign closed that midnight, but our mission is just beginning. #changinglives *All photo credit goes Nina L. 19.

What Is A Registered Agent - 1618 Words

What is a registered agent? A registered agent is a business or individual designated to receive service of process and official mail on behalf of a business. Most state statutes require registered agents to be available during normal business hours to accept official notices and service of process from a legal address and notify the responsible party when accepting these legal documents. A registered agent s duties are to help walk a client though business filings, notify the client when the client s annual reports are due to the state, provide clients with a wide range of business knowledge, offer free tools to help a client file business forms with the state and track their business s status. Most jurisdictions in the United States require that any business entity that is formed or doing business within their borders designate and maintain a registered agent. Penalties for not maintaining a registered agent generally will cause a jurisdiction to revoke a business s corporate or limited liability company lega l status as well in some cases, require additional penalty fees on the entity. A registered agent may also be know as a resident agent or statutory agent depending on the laws of the individual jurisdiction in which the business entity is registered. LLC Questions What is an LLC? LLC stands for limited liability company. An LLC is a legal form of a company that provides limited liability to it s owners in many jurisdictions. The business structure of an LLCShow MoreRelatedA Brief Opening Of The Dirt Patch, Llc.1669 Words   |  7 Pagesa fully functional LLC. Articles must include: the LLC s name and address, the name and address of LLC’s registered agent; whether the LLC s duration will be perpetual or for a specified period; and whether the LLC will be manager-managed or member-managed. The filing fee is $90. (see below) 3. Appoint a Registered Agent Registered agents are mandated for service of process in Indiana. Agent must be either a business entity or individual responsible for legality issues on behalf of the LLC. 4.Read Moredistribution agreement1009 Words   |  5 Pageschoices to either contracting with an international sales agent or a finding a distributor in France. He chose a small, established upscale chain of family operated accessory stores named Le Seul Choix (translates to ‘the only choice†) as a distributor. Ray à   Porter continues to sell well in France, accounting for 20 percent of all the overall sales for the Raynonplus proprietary brand. Case Study Discussion Questions 1. What are some of the benefits that would have compelled RaynonplusRead MoreThe Business Case for Technology Investments1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe business case for technology investments 1. The setting The modern day business environment is evolving at a rapid pace and the economic agents are forced to develop alongside, or risk the loss of their competitive position. The changes currently affecting the business community have their roots in a multitude of instances, including the increasing forces of globalization and market liberalization, the intensifying competition from both domestic as well as international players, the changingRead MoreOwner Trust Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesYou have determined that you need to utilize an owner trust. What do you do now? First, involve your aviation counsel and the flight department. Transferring your aircraft to an owner trust requires filings with the FAA and the International Registry. If there is a loan, the lender will need to be notified so the loan documents can be amended. Do not risk defaulting under your loan documents by trying to do this without notifying your lender. Coordination with the flight department is neededRead MoreBusiness1225 Words   |  5 Pagesprovided by accountants, advocates and solicitors, engineers, architect,   surveyors (including valuers, assessors and real estate agents), advertising agencies, consultancy firms, management service provider, insurance companies, motor vehicle service and repair centres, telecommunication services companies, security and guard services agencies, recreational clubs, estate agents, parking space services operators and courier service firms. Certain non-essential foodstuffs and building materials are taxedRead MoreAn Idea That Protects A Proprietor s Land Title1742 Words   |  7 PagesIndefeasibility Introduction Indefeasibility of title is an idea that protects a proprietor’s land title. It allows for the proprietor to be immune from attack by adverse claims and interests in the land, in which he, the proprietor, is registered. This concept is based around the Torrens system in New Zealand, this concept consists of three main principles, the mirror, the curtain and the insurance principles. This essay will discuss the concept of indefeasibility of title, the Torrens system andRead MoreHow For Achieving A Successful Sale Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesa premium price? If you appoint a professional Real Estate Agent, you are more likely to have a quicker sale and achieve the premium price you are after. The basic law of marketing your property is to make sure, the more people who see it the better the chances of securing a sale. By reaching as many potential buyers as possible will create competition for your property. And that is why we would recommend appointing a Real Estate Agent. Your property is your biggest tax free asset, so you obviouslyRead MoreBackground And Legislative Framework : Australia1453 Words   |  6 Pagesprovided or offered by an agent. Companies will be liable for foreign bribery offences where: †¢ the company’s board of directors, or a high managerial agent of the company, intentionally, knowingly or recklessly committed the foreign bribery offence †¢ the company’s board of directors, or a high managerial agent of the company, expressly, tacitly or impliedly authorised, or permitted the commission of, the foreign bribery offence by an agent of the company †¢ an agent of the company offered a bribeRead MoreEssay On Foreign Exchange In China834 Words   |  4 Pagesand allowed by China under the Article 8 of the International Monetary Funds Articles of Agreement. This agreement was established four years ahead of what had been planned. Foreign-invested enterprises were no longer required to obtain prior authorization for conversion of invested forex as of July 2002. It is necessary to provide proof as to what purpose the money will be used for foreign exchange to be repatriated out of China. The major requirement for a dividend repatriation is a resolution decidedRead MoreSemiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout Design1043 Words   |  5 Pagesfilings of application for Semiconductor IC Layout Design Registration. 1. What is the aim of the Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-Design (SICLD) Act, 2000? The aim of the Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-Design Act 2000 is to provide protection of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) in the area of Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Layout Designs and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 2. What is the present status of the SICLD Act 2000? The SICLD Act 2000 was Gazetted

Criminal Identification And The Criminal Justice System

Techniques of criminal identification have varied throughout the criminal justice system. As time progressed, these techniques evolved accordingly. Due to modern day technology, and scientific advancements, it has made identifying criminals much easier. Adding to the effectiveness and accuracy, these techniques also carry much more weight and play a much more credible role in court. Best of all, it has made it near impossible for a suspect to get away with a crime especially when not caught in the act of committing. Although, methods of criminal identification have varied throughout history, the most common and verifying procedure of pinpointing criminals still today is through fingerprint analysis. Because fingerprints are most commonly left at a crime scene and because they are extremely unique in each of their individual characteristics, the overall techniques of recovering them at a crime scene continue to have a compelling impact on determining criminals. Without any means of personal identification, many individuals throughout history all over the world took notice of analyzing fingerprints and their unique characteristics. Dating back centuries, old civilizations would utilize fingerprints by placing them on clay tablets indicating a business transaction had been made. An anatomy professor named John Evangelist Purkinje, at the University of Breslau in the year 1823 published a thesis analyzing nine fingerprint patterns, although made no mention or indication of theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Technology and Communication in the Criminal Justice System1003 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative effects have occurred from the technology working in our criminal justice system. In this paper we will cover the different options for new technology that helps stop crime. Automated Fingerprint Identification System In the 1980’s there were a lot of unsolved criminal case due to lack of technology in older data bases and the odds of trying to find finger print matches. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System was created and used first in 1984 to solve a big case in the murderRead MoreTechnology and Communication in Criminal Justice990 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: Tech/Comm. In Criminal Justice Technology and Communication in Today’s Criminal Justice System Shante Needham University of Phoenix Online CJA / 363 Interpersonal Communication Professor Stewart Stanfield February 8, 2010 Law enforcement and the criminal justice system depend upon technology to carry out their many demands. 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Biometric identification makes use of personal characteristics, body parts and imaging methods including hands, eye, fingers, feet, ears, veins, and teeth, typing style, signatures, odors, gaits, and voices Biometric identification systems are categorized into main physical characteristic that lend itself to biometric identification. The most familiar biometric identification system isRead MoreThe Death Penalty And The Criminal Justice System1475 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the proper procedures used by the criminal justice system to convict a person to live or death. The death penalty has created a public policy issue that has produced wide scholarly research, public debate and legal attention. The reality is that the majority on Americans support the death penalty. Only a small proportion believes that there has to be something done during the investigation and gathering of evidence process to proof that the convicted criminal in is guilty. When a murder is committedRead MoreEssay on Criminal Law Evaluation698 Words   |  3 PagesCriminal Justice Administration Capstone Barbara Mitchell CJA/484 September 17, 2012 Shomari Gilford Abstract Laws tend to make the lives of every individual safer and pleasant. The subject of this paper focuses on evaluating and identifying the Constitutional safeguards within the 4th, 5th, and 6th amendments of the United States Constitution. How these safeguards to the 4th, 5th, and 6th amendment will apply to juvenile and adult court proceedings. Finally, this paper will focus the impactRead MoreThe Impact Of New Technology On Criminal Justice System1458 Words   |  6 PagesTechnologies on Criminal Justice and Corrections Our criminal justice system is very important to society. The reason for having laws is to defend society from harm, and to ensure that each person is kept safe, as well as to receive fair treatment. The criminal justice system works to defend the innocent and to punish the guilty without risking denial of an individual’s basic human rights. The past, present and future trends involved in the interface between components of the criminal justice systemRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe criminal justice system is a group of institutions that work together to protect a society, prevent and control crime, and maintain justice; enforcing the laws regulated by society. As the years have gone by and society has evolved; so have the criminal justice system and its methods to accomplish its role in society. This short analysis will evaluate the main facts that have been affecting the criminal justice system for decades and have influenced the evolution the justice system is enduringRead MoreCriminal Justice System and Process Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesas Criminal Law (Law Library, 2011). Criminal law is also termed as Penal law, it comprises of rules as well as statutes that have been written by the Congress and the state legislators who deal with criminal activities (petty crimes, felonies or misdemeanors) that have a dire ct or indirect harm to the general public and is accompanied by penalties of these crimes, (Morrison, 2008). Criminal law is enforced by the government. Criminal law has sub-sections that include: Substantive Criminal LawRead MorePunishment And Other Forms Of Punitive Measures939 Words   |  4 Pagesrender justice through means of punishment. Thus, the former may champion programming if they believe it grants the opportunity to reform recidivists while the exclusive concern of the latter is that lawbreakers are penalized. However, it is imperative that developing positions that may influence decision-making are based on valid research rather than preconceived or unsubstantiated beliefs. Thus, the use of a â€Å"best-practices† approach in the criminal justice system is intelligible. This system possesses

Advantages Or Disadvantages Of Internet Free Essays

The computer was a fundamental innovation which flipped the world upside down. Some argue that it is a blessing whilst others insist that in spite of all the commodities it brought about with it, it is a curse. Computers are necessary in all spheres of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages Or Disadvantages Of Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin with, the computer has a vast array of software which is beneficial for both young and old people. Young children can enjoy playing games on the computer whilst beginning to learn reading and writing. It is much safer that having children playing around in the streets since there is a high risk of someone being hurt. Computer studies are proliferating in our schools because the computer has become so important throughout our lives. In business, the computer, is a surely a real blessing. Apart from being more organized nowadays one can also extend his business and adverts throughout the world with e-commerce. Creating a website is easy and cheap to sustain. One can also work from the commodity of his home as well as doing shopping and having the products delivered in a short time. It has become second nature for us to chat with friends and socialize through networks. One can communicate with his relatives abroad easier and it is far cheaper than phoning overseas. For students it is a real gem. Computers are a huge source of information. There is software such as encyclopedias which are very useful when doing a research for school. Besides, one can also spend less time searching in vain in books. It is also a truism that computers have their negative aspects as well. Being seated on the chair in front of the screen for a long time can lead to back problems later in life. One can even damage the wrist. Another disadvantage is that children of the computer era are lazier than the ones before. They are not adventurous at all and are brought up with the mentality of living life without pain or any effort. Many children are obsessed with gaming and some become spendthrifts as time passes by because they buy plenty of games and upgrades for their computers. On the internet there is not enough data protection and having children surfing the net on their own is bad. Parents must be aware of the potential harm their children may be exposed to and they must be computer literate for the sake of the benefit of their own children. Life without computers is unimaginable and in the long run the computer is very useful. Although it has some negative effects, it needs to be utilized properly with proper supervision and knowledge so that all the benefits of the computer are exploited. How to cite Advantages Or Disadvantages Of Internet, Papers

Planning Process Paper free essay sample

I will compare the planning process to my current workplace. Followed by what I believe would be more crucial and why I think that. Also, I will briefly go over why I do not believe organizations can over-plan during this process. The Basic: Planning Process Step #1: Situational Analysis—This step is where you would typically answer the question, â€Å"Where are we now? † (Amicaall). In my current workplace, the main focus in this step is to be sure that the customer is aware of the customer survey that lucky few may receive. Now, the goal is to be sure the ones who may receive this survey are honest when filling it out with the most accurate information. All survey’s are read and sent to the dealership the vehicle was serviced, or purchased. Therefore, any concern from the customer will highly be considered. We assure that ever individual that has an opportunity of receiving one of these important surveys is aware when delivering the vehicle after any services. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning Process Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So that if there is an issue with the service, that they please notify us before filling out the survey this way we are sure the customer is happy with all services. Also, so that the consumer will know how honesty we stand by our word of correcting and listening to their suggestions by making them happy right away. â€Å"Planners should gather, interpret, and summarize all information relevant to the planning issue in question. A through situational analysis studies past events, examines current conditions, and attempts to forecast future trends† (Bateman Snell, 2007). By us being sure that are customers are aware of the survey ahead of time, we are more than likely to get a better knowledge of where we may need to focus more on improving or attempting the consumer’s ideas. By doing so, we are more like to achieve reaching our goals. Step #2: Alternative Goals and Plans—â€Å"based on the situational analysis, the planning process should generate alternative goals that may be pursued in the future and the alternative plans that may be used to achieve those goals† (Bateman Snell, 2007). A lot of our goals set at work are not just to be sure that all customers are happy but also that they know if there’s something that has not instantly been put into effect that we are still in the process of doing so. It may be something that takes a little more financial effort as well as time. For example, a lot of customer have mentioned the would like if their vehicle was washed and vacuumed after every service. We state the following to the customer when this is brought to our attention, â€Å"As of now we are relocating to another facility, fortunately we will be in a bigger building that will also have a car wash available. But for now we have washed your windows and vacuumed the vehicle. We look forward to being able to serve you better. Step #3: Goal and Plan Evaluation—â€Å"next, managers will evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and potential effects of each alternative goal and plan† (Bateman Snell, 2007). This is pretty simple; the goal and plan evaluation is discussed every morning within our manager meetings. Some of the ideas in plans they’ve discussed in meetings are the following: complimentary snacks, drinks, opening a Starbucks coffee station and mail ing/emailing great coupons, specials off of services, even possibly a parking garage. The managers gather together to see what is best benefiting the customers and if there are any new ideas that may be brought to their attention. One, manager even stated he over heard a customer state to another customer, â€Å"that it wouldn’t be a bad idea if they had wireless internet so that I could continue to work while my vehicle is being serviced, you would think they would be caught up with the technology no days. † If so what they plan on doing to implant them, are they realistic and attainable? While in the meeting they’ll discuss several ideas and examples of how to keep all eyes and ears open for any future goals and plans. Step #4: Goal and Plan Selection—â€Å"once managers have assessed the various goals and plans, they will select the one that’s most appropriate and feasible† (Bateman Snell, 2007). After everyone discussing and gathering information from consistent consumers the dealership has decided to select the following as plans for the future; parking garage, complimentary drinks, a Starbucks station that consists of snacks, breakfast and lunch sandwiches up for purchase. Until the Starbucks station has built their customers, we have coupon vouchers so that the customer may have their first Starbuck’s Drinks for free. As all these ideas come out the next step would be to be sure the news letter gets mailed and emailed out to all of our customers and consumers. The newsletters will state all goals and plans that have been selected for our future facility. Step #5: Implementation—â€Å"once managers have selected the goals and plans, they must implement the plans designed to achieve the goals† (Bateman Snell, 2007). Well, as of now the dealership has implemented a lot of the planned goals. By this I mean, we now have a Starbucks station filled with snacks and many different beverages. We also have put a refrigerator full of all types of sodas and water all complimentary for all customers and purchaser of Toyota Sales and Service. As for the Parking Garage and Car Wash they are both in the works, we have blue prints showing where the next facility will be built. Step #6: Monitor and Control—â€Å"although it is sometimes ignore, this step in the formal planning process is essential. Planning works in a cycle; it is an ongoing, repetitive process. (Bateman Snell, 2007). Now, the way the company monitors and tracks all the works in cycle is by asking all customers that look like they have purchased or used the vouchers if they enjoy having Starbucks. All mentioned it’s a great change and they all thanked the company for taking the time to listen to their ideas. The managers noticed that all surveys they were receiving had plenty comments about how the changes really benefit them. A lot commented on the wireless internet how covenant it was to have service performed on their vehicle and it didn’t even seem that they weren’t at work because they could still use their computer and complete work assignments. To management it seemed that they were on the right track, by listening to the customers they could make most of them happy and keep their business. By doing so it seems that they’re helping to provide a better workplace as well as a great setting for people to achieve personal as well as career goals. In conclusion, an organization can not be very successful if they do not stay within the basic planning process. As I’ve explained above every step is very important, though one I believe is most crucial and that is Step #! Situational Analysis. The reason why I feel this is most important is because if you analyze a situation incorrectly then you may be headed in the wrong direction as far as improving. The situation may not need any correction or improvement at the time, therefore the situation that needs most improvement may be overlooked. I don’t believe that any organization may over plan because the more effort put into planning the more correction or ideas m ay be created. This will prepare the organization for several different scenarios.

Bill of Rights and Amendments Essays - James Madison, Free Essays

Bill of Rights and Amendments Essays - James Madison, Free Essays Bill of Rights and Amendments Bill of Rights and Amendments The United States of America is by far the most successful Republic governed country in the world and has managed to survive for over 223 years. What has made the United States such a success is the foundation that the framers created, the United States Constitution. The framers knew that with time the needs of the people would evolve due to changes in society, so regulations in the Constitution would need to be adjusted or expanded for the changing times. The adjustments are called Amendments. Since 1788 only Twenty-Seven Amendments have been ratified and added to the United States Constitution and amazingly enough ten of them known as the Bill of Rights were proposed under the First Congress. As society continues to evolve the Constitution may need to update existing regulations or improvements may need to be made and added to cover issues that were not originally covered in the Constitution such as: abolishment of slavery, the right to vote for all American citizens including women and former slaves, taxes, and right to citizenship just to name a few. Without the admission of amendments the Constitution would be in danger of becoming less relevant to the needs of modern society; for example after the civil war the slaves were free, but where in the constitution did it make it illegal to have slaves? Where did it state that they had a right to vote? It didn?t, that is why the Thirteenth Amendment which abolished slavery was added in 1865, then in 1870 the Fifteenth Amendment was added and in Section 1 reads: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous conditi on of servitude. This now declares their freedom and their rights to vote in the Constitution. The framers knew that amendments would need to be added, that is why they are covered in Article V in the Constitution. Amending the Constitution is not an easy or quick process. There are two significant steps in the Amendment process. The first step in the process is the proposal, in which either two-thirds of both of the houses of Congress have to agree and deem it necessary to propose a new amendment or two-thirds of the legislature from the fifty states calls a Constitutional Convention to propose Amendments. Once Amendments have been proposed they will then need to be ratified, this too can happen one of two ways. An amendment can be ratified when three-fourths of the legislature from the states vote in favor of the amendment or Congress can direct a ratifying convention where three-fourths of the convention has to vote in favor of the amendment; all but the twenty-first amendment have been ratified by the state legislatures. The first 10 amendments known as The Bill of Rights are the most important amendments in the Constitution. When the framers were drafting the Constitution their primary focus was establishing a strong and effective federal government, since this was their main focus the Constitution addressed a very limited number of rights for the people. The framers, and notably James Madison, the principal architect, believed that the Constitution protected liberty primarily through its division of powers. ("The Bill Of Rights: Its History And Significance", n.d). This made the Anti-Federalist who opposed the Constitution very uncomfortable; they feared that a large central government would not be any different than being ruled by a monarchy, their liberties were being threatened and they believed that if the framers really cared about their personal liberties and individual rights they would have been covered in the verbiage of the Constitution. Because of the Anti-Federalist concerns and their d isdain for the Constitution the Federalist became concerned about the ratification of the Constitution, due to their concern they agreed to add several amendments known as the Bill of Rights which were written by James Madison. Without the addition of the Bill of Rights the Constitution may not have been ratified. The Bill of Rights are precious and they have become an ethical code for America, because of these 10 amendments, the United States has

Verbs Followed by Infinitive

Verbs Followed by Infinitive Many verbs are followed immediately by the infinitive form of the verb. Other verbs are followed by the gerund form of the verb. Finally, other verbs are followed by a noun, noun phrase or pronoun and then the infinitive. All of these verbs follow no specific rules and must be memorized. You can practice your knowledge once youve reviewed this sheet, as well as the other verb pattern reference lists by taking these quizzes: Verb Form - Gerund or Infinitive Quiz 1 Verb Form - Gerund or Infinitive Quiz 2 Gerund or Infinitive? An Interactive Reference Chart and Quiz The following list provides verbs that are immediately followed by the infinitive form of another verb (verb to do). Each verb followed by the infinitive is followed by two example sentences to provide context. affordI cant afford to go on vacation this summer.Can you afford to buy that sweater?agreeI agreed to help him with the problem.Do you think he would agree to take the test again?appearHe appears to think Im crazy!They appear to be available tomorrow.arrangeI arranged to spend the week in New York.Mary arranges to meet everyone each time.askShe asked to do the job.Franklin will ask to be promoted.begShelley begged to be released as soon as possible.The minister begged to donate as much as possible.careDo you care to spend some time with me?Tom doesnt care to ask any more questions.claimconsentWe consented to adopt the measure in the next year.Sherry will consent to marry you. Im sure!dareThose kids wont dare to break into that house.She often dares to break convention.decideIm going to decide to appoint the teacher next week.Mary and Jennifer decided to purchase an old house to fix up.demandThe protesters demanded to see the president about the economy.The client demanded to speak wi th his lawyer before making a statement. deserveI think Jane deserves to get the promotion.Our boss deserves to be fired!expectTom expects to finish the job soon.The students expect to receive their grades before the end of the day.failSusan never fails to mention that she knows the president personally.You shouldnt fail to mail in the form by the end of the week.forget - NOTE: This verb can also be followed by the gerund with a change in meaning.I think Peter forgot to lock the door before he left home.We seldom forget to do our homework, but last week was an exception.hesitateI hesitate to mention this, but dont you think ...Doug hesitated to tell us about his plan.hopeI hope to see you soon!He had hoped to have more success before he lost the election.learnHave you ever learned to speak another language?Our cousins are going to learn to mountain climb on vacation.manageTed managed to get his work done on time.Do you think well manage to persuade Susan to come with us?meanTim certainly meant to finish the job on time.They mean to do business here in town. needMy daughter needs to finish her homework before she can come out and play.They needed to fill out a number of forms in order to purchase the house.offerJason offered to give Tim a hand with his homework.She offers to help students whenever they have a question.planOur class plans to put on a play next semester.Im planning to visit you when Im in New York next month.prepareOur teachers are preparing to give us a test today.The politicians prepared to debate the issues on television.pretendI think he is pretending to be interested in the subject.She pretended to enjoy the meal, even though she didnt think it was good.promiseYes, I promise to marry you!Our coach promised to give us next Friday off if we win the game.refuseThe students refused to quiet down at the assembly.I think you should refuse to do that job.regret - NOTE: This verb can also be followed by the gerund with a change in meaning.I regret to tell you that it is not possible.The officer regretted to inform the citizen s of the horrific facts about the case. remember - NOTE: This verb can also be followed by the gerund with a change in meaning.Did you remember to lock the doors?I hope Frank remembered to telephone Peter about the appointment.seemIt seems to be a beautiful day outside!Did he seem to be nervous?struggleThe boys struggled to understand the concepts presented in the lesson.I sometimes struggle to stay concentrated when Im on the job.swearDo you swear, to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?Alice swore to help in any way possible.threatenChris threatened to call the police.The owner will threaten to kick you out if you dont stop making noise.volunteerId like to volunteer to judge the competition.Sarah volunteered to take Jim to the piano lesson.waitIm waiting to hear from Tom.She waited to eat until he arrived.wantJack wants to help everyone with the new concepts.The principal wanted to put on a teacher workshop.wishI wish to see you soon.Franklin wished to come and visit last month. More Verb Pattern Reference Lists: Verbs followed by the gerund - Verb Ing Verbs followed by a (pro)noun plus the infinitive - Verb (Pro)Noun Infinitive Verbs followed by the infinitive - Verb Infinitive

Mehmed the Conqueror Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mehmed the Conqueror - Annotated Bibliography Example The article talks about early reign, Constantinople conquest, Asia and Europe. Additionally, the author covers administrative actions, personal life and the legacy of mehmed. Babinger focused on the successes of Mehmed that resulted into fear for people of Europe. He has been called as the greatest architect of victories in the history. Career of Mehmed as a conqueror is full of death, murder, battle and perfidy. In this secondary source, Turkish people regard Mehmed as a great conqueror like Ataturk. The author has covered Mehmed historical background which is useful to the research. This is because it will assist in enhancing the authority of the game. Kritovoulos covers the history of Mehmed conquests has been revealed. This is an important because it will assist in covering the imperativeness of Mehmed as a historical figure and his accomplishments. This is a secondary source relates with the conquests of Mehmed and provides description of Mehmed family including his wife, sons and daughters. The source is important because it will help in covering the family history, as well as, enhancing the research. Levy, Avigdor. The Structure of the Jewish Community. In The Jews of Ottoman Empire. Princeton: Darwin Press. 1994, pp. 42-70. Print. Web. 28 October, 2014. In this secondary sources, Mehmed’s ambition of converting the Istanbul into a metropolis and role of Jews in his plan have been discussed. He considered that administration of Jewish people was important for the Ottoman Empire. He brought Jewish culture, language, and customs to Istanbul. This is a secondary source which covers Mehmed’s early days of conquest, he transferred a number of Byzantine buildings into mosques, madrasas and lodges for dervish people. The author also covers the building of the mosque complex in Istanbul to transform

Macroeconomic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Macroeconomic - Essay Example In addition, BBC News Business (2011) asserts that there is a high rate of unemployment in the United Kingdom that requires the government to take comprehensive measures if the situation is to be reversed. The united kingdom government has taken some fiscal and monetary policy measures in an attempt to reverse the economic situation. According to Warrell (2012), the government has reduced its spending by outsourcing security and other services from private firms as one of the chief fiscal policies. However, several stakeholders claim that the government is not doing enough, and the Institute of Directors is calling for further cuts in public spending, and reduced taxation, which is the other approach to fiscal policy (O’Connor, 2012). In addition to the above mentioned fiscal policies, the United Kingdom government has taken key monetary policy approaches including inflation targeting and quantitative easing. According to BBC News Business (2012a), the central bank lowered the base lending rates in order to encourage banks to lend more to individuals and corporations; however, despite a low base lending rate of 0.5 percent, banks did not increase their lending and the central bank may raise the rates to 0.75 or 1 percent. According to BBC News Business (2012b), the Bank of England decided to use quantitative easing as the other monetary policy approach in order to reverse the economic situation. In early 2009, the bank injected  £75 billion into the economy, which had increased to  £200 billion by the end of that year. In October 2011 and February 2012, the bank added  £75 billion and  £50 billion respectively to bring the total amount injected into the economy using the quantitative easing approach to  £ 325 billion. The United Kingdom reduced its expenditure in an attempt to redeem the national economy and pay of its debts, which is a more preferable approach as compared to the other viable option of increasing taxation.

Difference Between Role of Treasurer and Controller

Difference Between Role of Treasurer and Controller Difference between Role of treasurer and controller with respect to Financial Corporate Governance Organization Chart of the Financial Management The chief finance executive works directly under the president or the managing director of the company. Besides routine network, the person in charge keeps the Board of Directors informed about all the phases of business activity, including economics, social and political developments affecting the business behavior. He also furnishes information about the financial status of the company by reviewing it from time to time. The chief finance executive may have many officers under him to carry out his function. Broadly his functions are divided into two types: Treasury function Control functions An illustrative organization chart of finance function of management in a big organization is shown below: Organization of the Financial Management Function Role of Treasurer The main role of Treasurer is that he refers to the financial officer and then looks at the task of financing and its related activities. Treasury always deals with liquid assets and so the main role of treasurer is to look at the cash and its other liquid assets. Some important tasks of Treasurer are as follows: He formulate the whole capital structure of the organization in accordance to goals of the organization and then to implement it to the organization. He also manages the amount of liquid assets and all type of cash. He basically acts as a cashier. He plays the role of an authority signatory on payment cheques including the authority to approve such cheques. Reconciliation in bank accounts. He manages the overall credit function of the firm. He also has the authority to utilize the surplus cash of the company whenever there is any type of short term beneficial investments. He also makes the companies policies according to decision on trade discounts and vendor payment. He also maintains relationships with bankers and vendors. All of the above mentioned functions of treasurer are implemented with the help of cash manger, finance manager and credit manager. Role of controller As we have already seen that the treasurer deals with liquid assets, the controller of the organization has to record the transactions of these liquid assets. It is the combined and effective working of both the departments that give rise to an effective system of internal controls. Controller is a financial officer responsible for accounting and control. He does the following functions: Records all the transactions in the general ledger, the accounts receivables and the accounts payables, sub-ledger, transaction with respect to fixed assets such as depreciation, inventory control, etc. He looks into the aspects of taxes and insurance. He also keeps track of companys short term investments by recording and reconciling the transaction with those of the brokerage firms. He carefully looks into the regulatory aspects and implementation of the companys policy on trade discounts and recievables aging. He always acts as the planning director. He keeps a record of the attendance of the employees, their movement timings so as to facilitate in preparing the payroll. He reports information to the management. The office bearer who assists the controller in accomplishing the above tasks is: tax manager, data processing manager, cost accounting manager and accounting manager. Thus the functions of financial accounting, internal audit, taxation, management accountings and control, budget-planning and control are accomplished in this manner. Controllers and Treasurers functions in the Indian Context The controller and the treasurer are essentially American terms. Basically the American pattern of dividing the financial executives functions is not being widely followed in India. We do have a number of copies having officers with the designation of the controller. The controller or the financial controller in India, by and large performs the function of a chief accountant or management accountant. The officer with the title of treasurer can also be found in a few companies in India. The controllership functions can prove to be useful under the Indian context, but presently some of these duties are performed by the company secretary in India. His duties, for example includes asset control and protection, maintaining records and preparing reports and government reporting. The economic appraisal function is generally performed at the top level in India. Some other functions, such as internal audit, can be brought within the fold of the controllership functions, if this concept is developed in the Indian context. It should be realized that the financial controller does not control finances; he or she develops, uses and interpret information- some of which will be financial for management control and planning. For this reason, the financial controller may simply be called as controller. Management of finance or money is a separate and important activity. Traditionally, the accountants have been involved in managing money in India. But the difference in managing money resources should be appreciated. In the American business, the management of finance is treated as a separate activity and is being performed by the treasurer. The title of treasurer has not found favor in India to the extent the controller has. Some of the functions performed by the treasurer in the American context are again discharged by the company secretary in India. Insurance coverage is an example in this regard. The function of maintaining relations with investors may now assume significance in India because of the development in the Indian capital markets and the increasing awareness among investors. The general title, financial manager, seems to more popular in India. This title is also better than the title of treasurer since it conveys the functions involved. The main function of the financial manager in India should be the managements of companys funds. The financial duties may often be combined with others. But the significance of not combining the financial managers duties with others should be realized. The managing of funds- a very valuable resource- is a business activity requiring extraordinary skill on the part of financial manager. He should ensure the optimum use of money under various constraints. He should, therefore be allowed to devote his full energy and time in managing the money resources only. Functions of Treasurer and the Controller CASE STUDY The role of the corporate treasurers has changed from a traditional one of securing funds and managing financial risk to a strategic one of driving overall business initiatives. In this new role, treasures have the prime responsibility of advocating better corporate governance principles in the company, both as a means to improve the shareholder value and to enhance investor confidence. This has become very important because the corporate governance practices of the companies are being placed under heavy scrutiny from the regulators and investors following revelations of corporate malfeasance, deception and fraud. This article discusses the role of the treasurers in building a sound governance structure in the companies. Description The debacle in Satyam Computers Limited, Indias fourth largest software company, has brought the issue of corporate governance in limelight more particularly in India. It is however unfortunate that such important issues gain prominence only after incidents of corporate frauds. The issue of corporate governance was earlier debated when the developments at Enron and WorldCom rocked the world. As India is on a growth trajectory and is having ambitions of being ranked in the counters of the developed economies, the issue of corporate governance only being surfaced after the Satyam scam is a grave concern. We may claim that the Satyam scam is an isolated case in corporate India, but it is more important to see how the rest of world assesses our seriousness towards the ethics of corporate governance. Do we take the ethics of corporate governance seriously and deeply and drift it away from its ornamental value to run an enterprise towards the principal goal for which the corporate governance term was coined? Largely the practice is to decorate the board, which is at the helm of affairs of corporate governance, with people whom the promoters of the company believe will add some ornamental value to the enterprise. Many a times the promoters induct known people onto the board. Having said that companies prefer the decorative value of the board over its usefulness. Thus one can ea sily conclude that the Satyam fiasco is nothing but a true reflection of what routinely and pervasively passes for corporate governance. The role of treasurer is crucial to todays business especially in ensuring that the company has the cash that it needs to operate the business, adequate risk management systems are in place and finally ensuring that the company complies with the various international standards. The treasurer and cash have a consanguineous relationship and the recent fiasco of Satyam Computers reveals a story of siphoning the cash from the companys balance sheet which puts the role of the treasurer or CFO nothing but on dubious distinction. By the mere definition of a treasurer one understands that wherever there is cash in the company, the treasurer has to be present there. Though the Satyam fraud appears to be a systemic fraud by the senior management, nevertheless such frauds can be mitigated to some extent if corporate governance is compiled by the treasurer. In such a scenario it becomes altogether more important for corporate treasurers to revisit the basics of corporate governance and their rol e in inculcating the principles of corporate governance in a company. This article highlights and revisits the role played by the treasurers or CFO in the compliance of corporate governance. Treasurer in Detail The Treasurers role is the second most important function on the Board after that of the Chair. Financial accountability is fundamental to not-for-profit organisations. If your members have no confidence in your ability to control and account for finances, they will have no confidence in the organisation as a whole. The Treasurer may find a reluctance amongst non-financially trained board members to take any responsibility for finance. As a Board or governing committee however, the group as a whole has to share responsibility and decision-making and it will therefore be an important part of the Treasurers role to ensure that others understand the information that is being presented and the implications thereof. It is particularly important that the Treasurer attends meetings regularly in order that others can ask questions and be sure that they have a full understanding of the associations financial position. Purpose To manage and report on the associations finances. Responsibilities To carry out the responsibilities of a member of the Board of Directors. To lead budget planning and preparations. To monitor the budget and inform the Board as to whether projections are turning out as predicted in order that joint decisions can be made on appropriate adjustments. To ensure the Boards financial policies are being followed. To report to the Board of Directors and the general membership on finances. To prepare any required financial reporting forms. To ensure tax regulations are complied with VAT. To manage and maintain bank accounts, ensuring the association is getting the best rate of return for funds held and moving money between accounts as To oversee all financial transactions. To sign cheques (with a second signatory from the Board or staff). To chair finance sub-committee, if one exists. TREASURER WORKING WITH A BOOKKEEPER. Most treasures do not have bookkeeping expertise, and they need not and ideally should not spend their time on day-to-day financial administration. Wherever possible, a suitably experienced/qualified paid (or volunteer) bookkeeper should be responsible for banking, for processing payments, for keeping full and accurate accounts of all receipts and expenditure and for producing financial reports. This leaves the Treasurers time for the more strategic and managerial aspects of the role, in particular budgeting and planning. The Treasurer does however need to monitor the work of the bookkeeper as ultimate responsibility for the accuracy of records lies with his or her role. If your association needs to submit formal annual statements to tax or other government authorities, these may be prepared by your bookkeeper or by external accountants. Requirements will vary in different countries. In the UK, all limited companies must have their final accounts prepared by a chartered accountant. Becoming a Good Treasurer A treasurer does not have to study accounting or business in order to do well at this position. A good treasurer will be characterized by the following traits: 1.  Honesty and Integrity:  As treasurer you are not given free liberty to do whatever you like. Rather, you are accountable to God, the fellowship and the committee. Therefore, perform your task properly and professionally. 2.  Carefulness:  This characteristic will help you maintain accurate and up-to-date records. Be careful to record all transactions. Be careful when handling money because ultimately this money belongs to God. 3.  Common sense:  Common sense is necessary in order to catch errors early. 4.  Open books:  It is good to maintain an open book policy concerning financial matters. Any member of the fellowship, after consultation with the committee, should be able to see the financial state of the fellowship. This will help build accountability and credibility for the entire fellowship. 5.  Watchful eye:  The treasurer needs to be vigilant in tracking income and expenses. These amounts should be compared with the current budget. 6.  Faithfulness to God:  Ultimately, the treasurer brings honor to God by the proper exercise of his/her task. Therefore, view your position of treasurer as a way to show your faithfulness to God. Heres an excellent maxim: Gods work done in Gods time will receive Gods provision. Controller Vs Treasurer While the term Controller is used differently in Sweden than in America, there is reason for a clear explanation of the differences between Controller and Treasurer. The fact that a Controller in Sweden has a broader role than the Controller in America can be explained largely by the function of the treasurer that has those duties overlapping those of the Swedish Controller. In large firms, the financial operations overseen by the CFO will split into two branches, with one headed by the treasurer and the other by the controller. The Controllers responsibility are primarily accounting in nature. Costs accounting as well as budgets and forecast concerning internal consumptions, lies within the area of the Controller. The treasurers responsibility fall into the decision areas most commonly associated with financial management, invest financing and asset management. The organization chart may give you false impression that a clear splits exists between controller and treasurer responsibilities. In a well-functioning firm, information will flow easily back and forth between both branches. In small firms the treasurer and controller functions may be combined into one position with a resulting commingling of activities. Traditionally the role of controller has been that of a number cruncher, computing financial data in order to prepare reports. The assignment associated with the controller role is in no way set in stone, different organizations have different duties attached to the Controller. The final statement where the controller should be seen as a long range developer of executives, hints at a prominent role when it comes to developing human resources within organizations. In order for the controllers department to become developers of accounting and operating executives they have to have an intimate relation to the personnel of the organization.

Importance of sports Essay

The importance of sports in the life of a young student is invaluable and goes much further than the basic answer that â€Å"it keeps kids off the streets.† It does in fact keep kids off the streets, but it also instills lessons that are essential in the life of a student athlete. Sports play a pivotal role in the makeup of a young athlete, especially in the middle school to high school years where student athletes are much more mature and mentally developed. Where else can a young, impressionable youth learn values like discipline, responsibility, self confidence, sacrifice, and accountability? Television, which may be the most influential tool in the lives of young adults, does not show enough of these qualities, nor is it on the Internet, or radio. Rather it is up to the parents, teachers, sports teams, clubs, and after school programs to help mold, develop, and instill these qualities into the lives of student athletes. I believe in order for this to happen, school sports programs must have a few components in place. The first thing they need is a good core of coaches that understand the great responsibility that is placed upon their shoulders to help shape and prepare these student athletes not only in sports, but in their everyday lives. Yes, I did say coaches, because it is a responsibility that lies on the shoulders of more than one person and it is going to take more than one person to help lead these student athletes to success. The second component also involves the coaches: It is the ability to capture the admiration and the trust of the athletes. This is crucial because if you can capture a person’s admiration and trust you can motivate them to perform at a higher level not only in sports, but also in their own lives. If you can get the athletes to believe in you and your philosophies you can begin to see significant changes in grades and behavior. It all starts with coaches that have a plan and methodology behind the principles they are teaching. As I said earlier, there is a great responsibility on the coaches to help young student athletes make a smooth transition into society. The third and I believe the most crucial of all is the support that comes from the community, and administration. This is very important because student athletes need to know they are appreciated and there is no greater way than for the community, booster club, and commissioners/treasurers to show that appreciation than to get involved in youth athletics. In order to accomplish this it’s going to take investment and the most valuable investments are  money and time. The more invested, the better the results. I can attest that there is no greater investment than the future of our young student athletes. When these things are in place, I believe student athletes will benefit and the results will be evident not only on the field, but long after they step off of it.

Business Ethics - Like Nailing Jell-O to the Wall - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2073 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Business Ethics Like Nailing Jell-O to the Wall What are ethics? A simple definition for ethics is those standards or morals a person sets for himself or herself regarding what is good and bad and right and wrong. If something is ethical, it does not necessarily mean that it is legal, and vice-versa. This is partially because ethics are subjective à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that is, each persons ethics are unique to that individual. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Ethics Like Nailing Jell-O to the Wall" essay for you Create order For example, Sally, who works at Beckers, may give a carton of milk to a young mother with a baby who has no money for food. Though Sally believes this action is ethical, it is not legal. Another employee may not see Sallys action as ethical. Where do ethics come from? The most common factors that form a persons individual ethics are: Family Influences. People tend to develop beliefs about ethics and morals from their parents, brothers, and sisters based on observing their behaviour, and punishment for doing things that the family perceives as unethical. Peer Influences. Classmates and others in a persons social network can shape ethics. Peer pressure, for example, can help determine how much a person is willing to engage in questionable activities like shoplifting, lying, etc. Past Experiences. Often, the consequences of previous behaviour condition a person to feel comfortable with certain ethical standards. For instance, if a sales person lies to a customer to make a sale and then is reprimanded by the manager, he or she would likely perceive lying as undesirable behaviour and unethical. On the other hand, if the person makes the sale, and is rewarded by the manager, lying may become perceived as a desirable and ethical behaviour. Religious Affiliation. Generally, a persons religious affiliation (if one exists), will shape what that person perceives as right and wrong. Situational Factors. People adjust their ethics to suit certain circumstances. For instance, Sally in the example above, would probably have changed her behaviour if the customer had been a well-dressed parent who drove up in a BMW. Business ethics Business managers face ethical dilemmas (ethical questions) almost every day. Ethical dilemmas occur when a manager is faced with two or more conflicting ethical issues, and has to make a choice. Business to Employee. A business has a responsibility to act ethically towards its employees. Most importantly, employers must hire and fire people in ethical ways. Wages and working conditions are a second ethical issue. Businesses must ensure that employees are paid a fair wage, and that working conditions are reasonable. For instance, paying a worker $1 per day is considered unethical. The same could be said of having an employee work in a room filled with toxic fumes that would cause illness. Privacy is the final ethical issue with respect to employees. This includes random drug testing; and listening to employee telephone calls. Employee to Business. Employees have ethical responsibilities towards their employers. Some of importances include taking a part-time job with a competitor; leaking company secrets; wasting company time; and theft from the employer. Business to External Environment. Because businesses exist within a community from which they take resources, some ethicists believe that businesses have ethical responsibilities to the community. This obligation to protect and enhance the society is called Social Responsibility. This also includes responsibilities to the customers from which they earn profits. The main areas of Social Responsibility are: Ecology and environmental quality preventing and cleaning pollution, noise control, recycling, preserving land. Consumerism truth in advertising, warranties, control of harmful products. Community needs helping charities, aid with health care and urban renewal. Governmental relations elimination of bribery of officials and lobbying, following laws. Minorities and disadvantaged persons providing training and opportunities for these groups. Labour relations permitting unions, negotiating fairly, providing fair working conditions and compensation. Arguments Against Business Ethics Ultimately, businesses exist to make a profit for their owners and shareholders. In most cases, ethical behaviour adds expenses to the business, reducing profits. Profits are a good thing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they ensure that people have jobs. The smaller the profits, the fewer income tax dollars are paid, which would hurt government programs. The government takes care of ensuring that businesses do things in an ethical way. No other forms of business ethics are required. Arguments for business ethics Business, like government, is a system that affects not only its managers and employees, but all members of the community. Many business decisions affect the lives of people in important ways. If businesses operate in unethical ways, this can contribute to people getting sick (as a result of pollution or defective products); or consumers could get taken advantage of (through false advertising). The Harvard Business Review suggests that well over three-quarters of businesses are trying to build ethics into their organizations. Many business managers believe that, though more costly in the short run, ethical behaviour is profitable in the long run as customers and government regulators will appreciate it. This will ultimately result in higher profits. Businesses earn huge profits from members of the community à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they owe it to the communities to put something back through donating to charities. For example, the major banks earn $2 $3 billion dollars a year each. A small portion of that should go back to the communities from which it came. Ethical Frameworks An ethical framework is a system that a person can use to help make a decision when faced with a moral dilemma. Here, two frameworks will be described: deontology, and utilitarianism. Deontology is the belief that there are some things that a person should do (right), and others a person should not do (wrong). People should do the right things (such as being honest), and refrain from doing the wrong things (such as stealing), regardless of what the consequences are. This can cause problems, if doing the right thing has a negative consequence. For example, if you are honest about the whereabouts of someone being sought by the police and wrongly accused of crime, the consequence is that an innocent person will be arrested. Another problem with deontology is that no clear method exists classify behaviours and actions as absolutely right and absolutely wrong. Deontological arguments are based on adhering to sets of rules. Utilitarianism suggests that you choose the behaviour or action that will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. It does not matter if the actual behaviour is right or wrong, the result is key. Utilitarian arguments are based on meeting a specific goal, and not on following rules. Discussion Questions Some business ethicists argue that acting ethical in order to increase profits in the long run is unethical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that businesses should be ethical because they want to contribute to the community. How do you feel about that statement? Why do you think the title of this article is Business Ethics Like Nailing Jell-O to a Wall? Do you agree that the government should regulate aspects of a business to ensure they operate ethically? If so, what sorts of things should be regulated? No corporation is truly ethical unless it has banished all forms of external motivation for employees. What do you think this statement means? Reconsider the story discussed earlier about Sally the convenience store owner who gave a carton of milk to the poor mother. What would a deontologist say about Sallys action? What would a utilitarian say? Do you prefer deontology or utilitarianism? Why? Business Ethics Case Worksheet Name: ____________________________ Case Name: _____________________________ Role: _____________________________ Instructions Two members of your group must choose to play managers, two play ethicists. Each group will receive a case envelope. Everyone in the group must reads the case articles sheets in your envelope. Each person answers the questions on this sheet (to be handed in at the time you present). Your group will have class time to prepare a presentation (maximum 10 minutes long). The instructions are shown below. Make sure that you read your peer evaluation sheet so you know what is expected of you. The presentation should include: An introduction in which the background of the case is described to the class. A role play in which all members of the group participate, and argue their sides using an ethical framework. A conclusion, where you reflect upon the role play, and discuss the ethical issues involved and how they could be resolved in real life. Questions: 1. Describe the ethical dilemma you will be faced with. What are the main issues? What facts do you have? 2. Will you use a deontological argument, or a utilitarian argument in your presentation? Why? 3. Describe what information you plan to communicate in your argument to the other side. 4. How do you think the other side will respond to your argument? 5. With your group, write up an outline to describe your role play. Explain which members will be doing the introduction, which will be doing the conclusion, and what information you plan to communicate. Business Ethics Self Reflection Worksheet Your Name: ____________________________ Case Name: _____________________________ Members of your group: ___________________________________________________________ To be completed after you have presented your role play. Think about the level of effort each member put forth toward your presentation. You have 10 marks to divide up among your group. If you feel all members put in equal amounts of effort, allocate 2.5 marks to each of the four members. If you give all 10 marks to one person, everyone else would have 0. Name Mark/10 Total 10 In the space below, write a personal reflection on this activity. In it, describe your personal feelings about the case and related issues that you presented. Comment on how effectively you feel you argued your part, and what you would do differently if you were to repeat the exercise. Business Ethics Peer Evaluation Sheet Your Name: ____________________________ Case Name: _____________________________ Names of presenters: _____________________________________________________________ Item Consider These Things Mark (circle one) Clarity of Presentation Appropriateness of language Preparedness of group All members participated 12345 Role Play Clear introduction Good interaction among members Realistic positions 12345 Arguments Sound, realistic, and clear arguments made Use of ethical frameworks (deontology, utilitarianism) 12345 Conclusion Conclusion made sense given the case Reasonable possibilities for solutions offered 12345 Group Mark Add up all the numbers you circled to determine the mark. /20 Business Ethics Peer Evaluation Sheet Your Name: ____________________________ Case Name: _____________________________ Names of presenters: _____________________________________________________________ Item Consider These Things Mark (circle one) Clarity of Presentation Appropriateness of language Preparedness of group All members participated 12345 Role Play Clear introduction Good interaction among members Realistic positions 12345 Arguments Sound, realistic, and clear arguments made Use of ethical frameworks (deontology, utilitarianism) 12345 Conclusion Conclusion made sense given the case Reasonable possibilities for solutions offered 12345 Group Mark Add up all the numbers you circled to determine the mark. /20 Business Ethics Lesson Plan and Teacher Instructions Objectives By the end of the activity, students will: Knowledge: understand and define the concept of business ethics identify current ethical issues in business Skills apply various ethical frameworks in order to solve ethical dilemmas create and perform a role play that demonstrates an understanding of ethics and of contemporary ethic issues that relate to business Attitudes: appreciate societal and personal needs for business ethics in modern commerce Materials Needed One copy of Business Ethics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Like Nailing Jello to the Wall per person. Six Business Ethics case envelopes each containing: 4 copies of a common case study; 2 copies each of confidential notes for managers and confidential notes for ethicists. Each envelope contains a separate topic: Employee Monitoring Harmful Product #1 (Milk and Agricultural Hormones) Harmful Product #2 (Tobacco in Developing Countries) Child Labour Customer Privacy Kids and Classrooms. One Case Worksheet per person. One Self-Reflection Worksheet per person. Five Peer Evaluation Sheets per person. Development Strategy First Class: Distribute Business Ethics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Like Nailing Jello to the Wall. Go through key concepts with students. The delivery should be informal, and students should have the opportunity to contribute, creating a discussion atmosphere. Students will respond to the discussion questions in class. The teacher will explain the forthcoming assignment to students, and form groups. The packages will be distributed to students; they are expected to complete the required reading for homework. Second Class: Students will have time to work on formulating their role plays within their groups. The teacher will be present to assist with difficulties, and ensure students critically evaluate their positions. Third Class: Students will present their role plays. Specific instructions and expectations appear on the attached student handouts. Peer evaluation will take place. Students will complete the Self-Reflection Worksheet as homework. Business Ethics Harmful Product #2 L. Pinto, Teaching Business Ethics

Muted Group Theory ( Mgt ) - 1737 Words

Muted Group Theory (MGT) is a critical theory because it is focuses on the power structure and how it is used against certain people and groups. At times, critical theories can divide the powerful and the powerless into a number of different ways. MGT chooses to split the power spectrum into two main categories, men and women. This MGT helps us to understand any groups that are silenced by the lack of power in their language. In dominate groups or activity groups, there are members who have less power that tend to fall silenced. One idea of MGT is that members of stifled groups may, at least at times, experience a doubtfulness of existence, seeing reality both as it is experienced from a dominant perspective and also from their own, muted, perspective. For example, when there is a â€Å"dominant† language or activity in a group, there are members who have â€Å"lower-power† and could feel silenced because of their lack of knowledge in that language or activity. â€Å"The two main components within MGT are dominant and subordinate groups.†(Wall) These are categorized into relationships between men and women.Edwin Shirley Ardener, two social anthropologists, came up with the idea of MGT in the 1960s.They â€Å"focused on the ways that the communication practices of dominant groups suppress, mute, or devalue the words, ideas, and discourses of subordinate groups†. (Kramarae) Cheris Kramarae took MGT a step further when she brought it into the field of communication studies. In every groupShow MoreRelatedMuted Group Theory ( Mgt )1593 Words   |  7 Pages Muted Group Theory (MGT) is a critical theory because it is focuses on the power structure and how it is used against certain people and groups. At times, critical theories can divide the powerful and the powerless into a number of different ways. MGT chooses to split the power spectrum into two main categories, men and women. This MGT helps us to understand any groups that are silenced by the lack of power in their language. In dominate groups or activity groups, there are members who have lessRead MoreAbolition of Universal Banking in Nigeria - Implication for Nigerian Banks10849 Words   |  44 Pagesminimum paid up requirement of N10billion, N25billion and N50billion respectively. There will be specialized banks under which Primary Mortgage Institutions, Discount Houses, Development Banks and Micro-Finance Banks are grouped. New comers to this group are the Non-interest banks, which may opt to be either regional or national. According to Uzor (2010) an important innovation in the new model is the return from shareholders fund to paid-up share capital in defining minimum capitalization benchmarks